定義
読み: しんくい / ローマ字: shinkui / 梵語: kāya-vāk-citta
身口意 (Three Karmas of Body, Speech, and Mind)とは、仏教において人間が活動を行う際の3つの源泉、すなわち「身（しん：身体的行為）」「口（く：言葉による表現）」「意（い：心の中の思索・意図）」の総称である。日本語では「しんくい」と読む。「三業（さんごう）」とも呼ばれる。修行の根本はこの三つを清らかに保つことにある。仏教の法要はこの考えを元に成立しており、供養法要では、僧侶、信徒と共に身口意三業を慎み、身心を清浄にするべきものである。たとえば、受戒や布薩においては『華厳経』普賢行願品にある「我昔所造諸惡業、皆由無始貪瞋癡、從身口意之所生、一切我今皆懺悔」の文を唱える。また、展鉢偈には「如來応量器、我今得敷展、願共一切衆、等三輪空寂」とある。三輪とは身、口、意、三業のことだ。
Definition
Reading: しんくい / shinkui / Sanskrit: kāya-vāk-citta
身口意 (Three Karmas of Body, Speech, and Mind) is a term in Buddhism referring to the three sources of human activity: 身 (physical actions), 口 (verbal expressions), and i意(mental thoughts and intentions). In Japanese, the name is read as "Shin-ku-i". Collectively, they are also known as the "三業" (Three Karmas,sangō). The foundation of spiritual practice lies in keeping these three aspects pure.
Buddhist rituals are established upon this philosophy. During a memorial service, for example, both monks and lay followers are expected to be mindful of these three karmas, purifying their bodies and minds. In rituals such as the jukai (receiving precepts) or fusatsu (confession/purification ceremony), it is traditional to chant a verse from the Flower Adornment Sutra (Avatamsaka Sutra): "All the evil karma ever committed by me since of old, on account of my beginningless greed, anger, and ignorance, born of my body, mouth, and mind, now I atone for it all."
Furthermore, the Tenpatsuge (the verse for unfolding the alms bowl) states, "Just as the Tathagata’s vessel is ready for receiving, I now unfold it; I vow with all beings, that the three wheels be empty and still." Here, the "three wheels" refer to the three karmas of body, speech, and mind. The essence of this practice is to release one's attachment to these actions and attain a state of emptiness and tranquility.
